DOI: https://doi.org/10.62204/2336-498X-2023-4-17

FEATURES OF THE CREATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONS

IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIOCULTURAL ACTIVITIES

Oleksandr Tadlia,

Senior Lecturer,

Science and Research Institute of Social and Economic Development, Ukraine,

tadlya@ukr.net; ORCID: 0000-0002-2576-8599

Annotation. The article substantiates and analyzes the peculiarities of the creation of organizations as a strategic tool that can ensure an effective implementation process in the activities of the manager of the socio-cultural sphere. The factors influencing the manager’s activity on the formation and promotion of the individual’s own socio-cultural experience are characterized. The principles of the organization, the philosophy of which corresponds to the institutional theory, the balance between the tasks determined by the specific internal socioeconomic policy and the public interests of the economic system in which this organization operates are emphasized and defined. The category “organization” serves as a fundamental basis for the formation of general explanatory principles, which are used to analyze the relationships between the subject and the object of management and other phenomena and processes. The structure, directions and forms of activity of the manager of the socio-cultural sphere, who carry out their activities while applying the principles of formation, functioning of the management system, professional experience, technologies, finances and legal components for the development of the organization, are characterized.

Keywords: organization, activities of the manager of the socio-cultural sphere, socio-cultural activity, principles, regularities, functions, systematic approach, socio-cultural organization.

Relevance of the research topic. In the socio-cultural sphere, the organizational component allows you to systematize the competent actions of specialists, maintain the relationships of various structures, attract resources, and act as an effective modern management model. Management is understood as organizational activity aimed at the development of certain stages that contribute to the effective solution of tasks, being a means of direct interaction, a resource potential and, in the conditions of certain time frames, a specific systemic form of regulation of socio-cultural processes. Given that the specific feature of the manager’s activity is related to the analysis, design and implementation of various measures, this aspect has the ability to be influenced by technologies that provide answers to the modern needs of the socio-cultural sphere. Thus, in determining the problematic direction of the research, it is worth focusing attention on the peculiarities of the creation and development of the organization in socio-cultural activities.

Analysis of research and publications. A modern manager of the socio-cultural sphere constantly works in an environment where he himself becomes a subject of activity. The problem of the technology of creation and development of the organization in the activities of the manager of the socio-cultural sphere deserves constructive attention. The following scientific works are devoted to solving problematic issues related to the functioning and development of management processes in the sphere of culture and art, the development and testing of sociocultural management technologies: Kipping, M., Yusdiken, B. (2014) formulates history in the theory of organization and management ; Alaimo, K., & Kallinikos, J. (2022). reveal decentralized organizations: data objects, technologies and knowledge; Martinsuo, M., and Ahola, T. (2022) note that managing multiple projects in inter-organizational contexts; Dufour, Y., Steen, P., & Coriveau, A. M. (2018). analyze from the life cycle of the organization to the “ecocycle”: a configurational approach to strategic thinking; Fairley, E., Ongaro, E. (2022). focuses on strategic management in public organizations: concepts, schools and contemporary problems; Jin, B.E., Shin, D.K. (2020) Unpacking and making sense of the competitive game changer: fashion retail industry innovation from disruptive business model; Mueller, J., Renzl, B., & Will, M.G. (2020) Characterizing Two-Way Leadership: A Meta-Review Using Static and Dynamic Multilevel Perspectives; Lis A. M., Rozkvitalska M. and Lis A. (2023) sustainable development goals and the life cycle of cooperation in cluster organizations; Martynyshyn Y., Khlystun O., Adamonene R., Dibrova V. (2020). system analysis in sociocultural management: theory, methodology and technology; Vinch, H.M., Maitorena-Sanchez, E., and Sergeyeva, N. (2022). organization of a strategic project.

Noting the importance of the scientific research of these scientists, it is necessary to emphasize that the mentioned problem requires further research, activities that allow to supplement the very nature of practical work, to identify and form competent actions of the manager of the socio-cultural sphere in the management of the organization. In particular, this concerns the prerequisites for distinguishing technologies and features of creation, clarifying individual stages and forms of activity in the socio-cultural sphere. Thus, the identified unsolved problems allow us to formulate the purpose of our work.

The aim of the study. Identify and analyze the technologies and features of the creation and development of organizations in the management of socio-cultural activities.

Presenting main material. The organization initiates and plays a special economic role in the life of society and is the main structural and socio-cultural element of market realities.

The activities of organizations have a multi-functional nature, and sometimes they have an ambiguous theoretical and methodological basis, where in the process of constant knowledge there is a conflict situation with certain contradictions between the fundamental level of cultural experience of the past heritage and specific operational practice, which is specified by real events that lead to the generation of certain concepts, which in turn substantiate the stages of its emergence and further functioning.

The theoretical description of the phenomenon “organization” can be found in various theories and purely management concepts, where the organization acts as an object of management (Kipping, M., & Üsdiken, B., 2014) [1].

The awareness of the essence of the organization is understood as such a holistic entity that transforms initial resources into a final product, where the parameters of its production function are determined by the technological processes used for the production of this product (Alaimo, C., & Kallinikos, J., 2022) [2 ].

The main task facing the organization should be focused on finding such a volume of resources and their ratio, which will allow producing a sufficient number of products or, in our case, socio-cultural services. Cultural products and services in this area: television and radio programs, entertainment, thematic, game events, festivals, concerts, competitions, production shows, club events, video production, technical equipment for spectacular events, publishing, production of professional light, sound and stage equipment.

In this case, the sufficiency and necessity of provision will be determined by the ratio of the organization’s marginal costs to the market price.

Thus, the function of such an organization is limited to an instrumental nature: it serves only as a “transfer link” between market demand and the conditions of resource markets for a given production technology.

Scientists emphasize the need to take into account the simultaneous pressure on the organization and its environment of factors of external and internal origin, where a dilemma constantly arises regarding the possibilities of using available resources. Each socio-cultural organization chooses its personal individual project, combining the relationships between external and internal factors, motivations for action and system limitations.

At the same time, the ascending fundamental principles, according to which the organization was created and built, as well as the initiation of management, are of particular importance (Martinsuo, M., & Ahola, T., 2022) [3]. These basic provisions are a reflection of those laws that will determine the design features of organizations and the mode of coordination of all types of its relations with both the external and internal environment.

According to this understanding of the essence of internal and external organizational processes, a number of problems that are primarily related to the life of the organization may become aggravated, namely:

• making and implementing management decisions;
• organizational structure;
• establishment of strategic targets;
• means of achievement.

According to P. Drucker, market institutions of all types, sizes, purposes and structures exist in modern society (Bijuklič, I., 2022) [4].

Institutes are characterized by the following main parameters: 1) purpose of existence; 2) field of activity; 3) meaningful content; 5) the period of time regarding the change; 6) functional expenses; 7) perception of innovations; 8) measure of stability; 9) resistance to transformations.

Thus, the purpose and target priority of an organization whose philosophy corresponds to the institutional theory is to establish a balance between the tasks determined by a specific internal socio-economic policy and the public socio-cultural interests of the system in which this organization carries out its activities.

Institutional theory assumes that the external environment has a certain pressure on the organization and forces it to develop relevant rules that correspond to socio-cultural norms.

Therefore, the creation of an organization is conditioned by the need to increase efficiency from the use of internal connections between its members. A typical task, which is solved by the organization according to the institutional theory, can be represented as the optimization of the mode of operation in the conditions of the presence of the range of interests of the market subjects and the available asymmetric information space.

Thus, the level of efficiency of the organization and its management system will be the higher the quality of the amount of information at their disposal, and the more quickly and fully it will be used.

Today, the need for careful planning and control of general processes in the socio-cultural organization: 1) preparatory stage: study of the environment, creative possibilities, material and technical base and financial support; 2) development stage: consideration and approval of the plan of activities, operational activities and financial plan; 3) implementation and implementation of creative and production activity plans.

Therefore, the organization becomes appropriate for creation only if the operating costs are lower than the corresponding costs in open markets. According to these provisions, the organization works efficiently and is a priori competitive if the costs within it are lower than those of other market participants. Such a requirement can be achieved under the conditions of reassignment of routine non-productive work or part of it to other organizations or specialists, partial or full performance of individual management and production functions outside the organization and regulation of distributed activities in order to achieve maximum satisfaction of consumer needs.

Thus, the main task of the organization is the comprehensive reduction of operating costs, which becomes a powerful lever that ensures organizational development.

Evolutionary organizational theory has gained considerable popularity as an ideological basis for the concepts of the “organizational life cycle” (Dufour, Y., Steane, P., & Corriveau, A. M., 2018) [5]. The priority for the functioning of an organization whose internal ideology of creation corresponds to the principles of ecological theory should be the development of its own characteristics that correspond to the parameters of the external environment.

The main task of management from the point of view of the ecological model of the creation of the organization consists in the formation of one’s own potential with a clear orientation to the external environment (Ferlie, E., & Ongaro, E., 2022) [6].

The problem of current efficiency comes first, that is, the transformation of existing resources and competencies into competitive advantages, rather than the development of resources and competencies that would allow generating only certain opportunities, for example, market ones.

It is extremely useful from the point of view of management, in our opinion, that the evolutionary model is based on the principles of situationism and assumes the absence of a single criterion for optimizing management decisions. From these positions, the criterion is personified and can have both a subjective-objective and an objectivesubjective character.

The most important thing in the evolutionary theory, in our opinion, is the assumption about the possibility of changing the criterion of the effectiveness of the organization’s functioning and the duality of its status, namely: belonging to a certain “population of organizational formations” and the possibility of having “its own traditions in a certain direction of activity, volumes and offers of involved factors » (Grinin, L., 2022) [7].

That is, he will take into account the advantages that will be provided when making a management decision and the real mode and experience of success – failure of the organization’s functioning.

The entrepreneurial model of the organization is based on the existing variety of forms of ownership and organizational and legal forms of organizations and the inevitable overcoming of contradictions, which are caused by the need to subordinate the result of the organization to the multiplicity of goals and interests of parties or stakeholders interested in its activities, that is, those who influence the activities of the organization, and those who is influenced by it Jin, B. E., & Shin, D. C. (2020) [8].

Social groups of stakeholders include: competitors; consumers of goods and services of the enterprise; territorial communities; ecological condition of the territory affected by organizational activity; resource providers and business partners; other interested groups that significantly influence the operations of the organization.

The basis of this theory is the obligation to coordinate the interests of the participants in the organization’s activities. The main idea of this concept is that the results of the organization’s activities have multiple subordination and are a source of problems and contradictions between the state, owners, management system and the collective. The process of prioritizing and aligning the interests of the parties involved in the distribution of the results or the final product is complex, because it is a mandatory procedure to maintain the integrity of the organization and ensure its development.

To reflect all the diversity of aspects of the organization’s functioning, a concept is proposed that integrates the positives of the above theories and can be recognized as active-adaptive (Nadim, A., & Singh, P., 2019) [9]. The active-adaptive theory of the organization is based on the fact that organizations do not simply play the role of a passive observer of the changeability of the external environment, but must manage the external conditions of their functioning.

According to the theory, the achievement of the set goals takes place under the conditions of the existing potential and strategically oriented active influence on the external environment. The components of success are synergistic relationships and interdependencies between the limited available resources of the organization and the principles of their use, which correspond to the well-founded utility function of the organization’s behavior.

One of the key reasons for not ensuring the effective management of the organization

– the impact of the uncertainty of the external environment on the company’s activities – are eliminated or leveled, which allows managers to focus on making management decisions with the maximum usefulness of the final results.

In our opinion, the active-adaptive model of organization creation and behavior is the most promising and effective. It forms the basis for full and indisputable use of the existing potential of the organization, aggressive search for new opportunities, prevention of conflicts and problems, provides the possibility of using extensive and intensive technologies.

The extraordinary importance for maintaining the essential significance of the concept “organization”, from our point of view, is that it belongs to a group of economic categories. According to the possibility of considering a concept as an economic category, it depends on the degree of its compliance with the criteria that allow to attribute this or that concept to the rank of economic categories.

The concept of “organization” acquires the status of “economic category” according to the following criteria: universality, fundamentality, interconnectedness.

The category “organization” is characterized by universality, which is manifested in the similarity of the system of subject-object and object-subject relations in the general structure of relations, including management From this point of view, the properties of internal organizational interaction should be “predictable, orderly, expedient, sustainable.” This ensures compliance of the organization category with the “versatility” criterion.

At the same time, the organization acts as a “multidimensional and multispatial system.” The system paradigm assumes, on the one hand, a clear identification of the organization in one of the structured meaningful spaces (economic organization, state or market institution, labor collective, focus group, etc.), and on the other hand, the organization cannot be such that it exists only in one identification space and should be considered comprehensively. A specific category, an organization can simultaneously be both an economic and a social entity Mueller, J., Renzl, B., & Will, M. G. (2020) [10].

Thus, the category “organization” serves as a fundamental basis for the formation of general explanatory principles, with the help of which the relationships between the subject and the object of management or between other phenomena and processes are analyzed. It should be emphasized that for completely independent systems, not only the types of intersystem interaction can be extremely diverse, but the interaction itself will acquire both an irrational and a rational character.

The category “organization” interconnects other economic categories. This testifies to the fact that for such a category as “organization”, the changeability of its individual components determines the provision of a new meaning to the whole concept.

The identification of the organization in a new context should contribute to the acquisition of new content for other categories and their threshold values. This criterion has an extremely important theoretical and methodological significance, because it actualizes the obligation to conduct continuous research of significant parameters of the organization and its environment.

There are different approaches to the interpretation of the term “organization”. It should be noted that even today the understanding of the essence of the category “organization” is a debatable issue and even one that introduces a certain dissonance into the practice of research.

The search for the most accurate definition of the essence of the concept of “organization” within the framework of the classical and neoclassical paradigms that dominated economic science, remains for scientific thought the object of the greatest attention. The version that an organization is a group of people whose activities are consciously coordinated to achieve a common goal has become the most widespread (Lis, A. M., Rozkwitalska, M., & Lis, A., 2023) [11].

This approach involves the selection of the following elements among the key elements of the “organization” category (although there are some differences in the interpretation of terms): man (society), structure, goal, technology, functions, which are the object and means of organizational transformations.

Martynyshyn, Y., Khlystun, O., Adamonienė, R., & Dibrova, V. (2020) add that it is a “systematic formation” useful, from our point of view, to ensure the completeness of the content load of the “organization” category[12] and Winch, G. M., MaytorenaSanchez, E., & Sergeeva, N. (2022) on “the integrity of the organization as a complex of interconnected elements that organizes itself at all stages of the life cycle”, their “special unity with the external environment”[13].

Thus, every social entity interpreted as an “organization” must meet the following characteristics: have at least two persons in its composition, united by a common goal, activity and conscious coordination of actions.

Summarizing the scientific-theoretical and empirical results published in the scientific literature, we will come to the conclusion that the term “organization” also exists in another context: to define activity as “ordering of all elements of a certain object in time and space” or as “an aggregate about cesses or actions that lead to the unification of elements, parts into a whole” and “the formation of a viable sustainable system”, and “improvement of the relationships between the parts of the whole”.

In addition, it is identified with the simple creation of a formal organizational structure as “the process of creating an enterprise structure, transferring tasks and powers to a person who takes responsibility for their implementation” and “correct selection of personnel.”

In our opinion, this interpretation is more in line with the concept of “organizing”. Because the term “organize” is appropriate to use when it refers to a process involving “people, their work, their efforts”, on the one hand, and on the other – when it is necessary to “group people for some purpose, coordinate and regulate their actions in the spirit of expediency”.

In explanatory dictionaries, you can find the cognate words organization and organize (English), organization and organizer (French), which correspond to the static “organization” and the dynamic “organize” contextual content, respectively. They have the same etymological roots and come from the Greek word orγavov “organon”, which means a device, a tool.

In our opinion, considering the organization in the context of “action” contradicts systemic ideology, because a system cannot be considered “such a set of objects that does not acquire integrity, or does not have single management subjects, or has antagonistic and conflicting relationships” .

So, the advantages of the innovative approach, which is a continuation and development of the processional, system and situational approach in management, are:

• a fundamental basis that provides a wide range of research, where approaches are considered that are the boundaries of the whole and determine its stages within these boundaries;
• a combination of new modern theoretical developments and their practical application to increase the effectiveness of the activities of organizations in the sociocultural sphere;
• the possibility, based on system forecasting, to choose the optimal way of effective development, which takes into account the unity of the mission, goals, tasks of the organization in its relations with the external environment [14].

Thus, managers of the socio-cultural sphere must confidently navigate the modern social space of actual needs, evaluate and draw up business plans, a strategy for the promotion of goods or services, or orient the socio-cultural market according to their individual values; analyze information materials, be able to turn information into a business or social component, while applying the principles of formation, functioning of the management system, professional experience, technologies, finances and legal components for the development of the organization and the realization of one’s artistic project [15], [16].

Conclusions. In determining the problematic direction of our research, we focused our attention on the creation and development of the organization in the activities of the manager of the socio-cultural sphere, the features of which are: the organizational component, which allows systematizing the competent actions of specialists, acts as an effective modern model of management; managerial activity as a specific systemic form of regulation of organizational processes; a specific feature of the manager’s activity, related to the analysis, design and implementation of various measures, this aspect has the ability to be influenced by technologies that provide answers to modern needs in the organization of the socio-cultural sphere.

The substantiation of the above-mentioned components was carried out taking into account the orientation of the organizational technologies of creation and the professional competencies of the manager in the socio-cultural environment.

References:

1. Kipping, M., & Üsdiken, B. (2014). History in organization and management theory: More than meets the eye. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 535-588.
2. Alaimo, C., & Kallinikos, J. (2022). Organizations decentered: Data objects, technology and knowledge. Organization Science, 33(1), 19-37.
3. Martinsuo, M., & Ahola, T. (2022). Multi-project management in interorganizational contexts. International Journal of Project Management, 40(7), 813-826.
4. Bijuklič, I. (2022). Drucker’s Managerial Newspeak in Education. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies/Sodobna Pedagogika, 73(4).
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